Output Quick Reference
Core language
FormDoes
(eval x)evaluate x (e.g. after quote)
(quote x) / 'xreturn x unevaluated, as-is
(cons x y)construct pair (x . y)
(car p)first element of pair/list p
(cdr p)rest of list p
(truncate n)integer part of n
(< n1 n2)#t if n1 < n2, else ()
(> n1 n2)#t if n1 > n2, else ()
(consp x)#t if x is a non-empty list, cons, or closure
(or x1 x2 ...)first x that is not (), else ()
(and x1 x2 ...)last x if all are not (), else ()
(not x)#t if x is (), else ()
(cond (x1 y1) (x2 y2) ...)the first yi whose xi is non-()
(if x y z)y if x is non-(), else z
(let* (v1 x1) (v2 x2) ... y)sequentially bind v1..vk, then evaluate y
(lambda v x)construct an anonymous closure
(define v x)bind v to x, globally
(defparameter v x) / (defvar v x)bind v to x, globally (CL style)
(defun name (args) body)define a named function, globally
(setq v x)update an existing binding in place
(progn x1 x2 ... xk)evaluate in order, return the last
(print x1 x2 ...)print each value to the Output pane, return the last
Literals
#ttrue
()empty list / false
"..."string literal
[1 2 3], [[1 2] [3 4]]tensor literal, any rank
Math & tensors
(+ ..) (- ..) (* ..) (/ ..)arithmetic; elementwise over tensors
(sqrt x) (exp x) (log x) (tanh x) (sin x) (cos x) (abs x)elementwise math; scalar or tensor
(pow t p)elementwise power
(normalize v)unit vector
(zero n)rank-1 tensor of n zeros
(dot v1 v2)dot product
(norm v) / (norm2 v)length / length²
(dist v1 v2) / (dist2 v1 v2)distance / distance²
(length lst)number of elements in a plain Lisp list
(shape t)tensor of dimension sizes
(rank t)number of dimensions (0 for scalars)
(tensorp x)#t if x is a tensor
(slice t i)element or row at index i
(first t) / (rest t)first row / all rows after the first
(slice-range t start end)rows/elements in [start, end)
(col-slice M j)column j of a matrix, as a vector
(reshape t [d0 d1 ...])reshape, same element count
(matmul A B) / (@ A B)matrix product
(transpose M) / (T M)swap rows and columns
(vstack A B)stack A on top of B, row-wise
(sum t)sum of all elements
(amax t)maximum element
(argmax t)index of the maximum element
(softmax t)softmax; row-wise if rank 2
(layer-norm t eps)layer normalization; row-wise if rank 2
(causal-mask n)n×n lower-triangular attention mask
(equalp v1 v2)#t if same shape and elementwise equal
(make-tensor e1 e2 ...)backend for [ ] literals; rarely called directly
Drawing
(point x y)draw a single point
(line x0 y0 x1 y1)draw a line
(circle x0 y0 r)draw a circle
(color r g b)set the drawing color
(background r g b)set the clear color
(clear)fill the canvas with the background color
(axes) / (axes tick-spacing)draw X/Y axis lines, ticks, numeric labels, and X/Y letters
(set-origin 'graph)(0,0) at canvas center, Y up, X/Y can go negative
(set-origin 'image)(0,0) at top-left, Y down, X/Y stay non-negative
Animation (inside draw)
dtreal seconds since the previous frame
⏱️dt accumulated since page load — total elapsed seconds